Abstract
Increasing numbers of Americans are affected by serious mental illness and severe substance use disorders. While funding has increased for the treatment of these conditions in recent years, increases in service needs have outstripped resources. Further, too often those living with these conditions are incarcerated, held for inordinate periods without treatment in emergency departments, and/or relegated to the streets as part of the burgeoning numbers of homeless in the United States. These conditions require innovative approaches to care that should include integrated medical care and community resources to decrease isolation and to improve the response to crises as they occur. There are numerous opportunities already in place that, used appropriately, can improve outcomes for some of our most vulnerable people and will improve community living for all. This perspective describes available resources that can better address the mental health and substance use crisis facing the American people.