Abstract
BACKGROUND: Saffron has been utilized in numerous studies as an additive to augment egg quality and to enhance the oxidative stability of egg yolk.However, there is limited knowledge on the responses of hens to dietary supplementation with saffron petals on egg chemical composition, fecal mineral excretion, and ammonia emission. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of saffron petal extract-enriched diet on egg quality, blood metabolites and odorous gas emission from excreta in laying hens. METHODS: The experimental methodology involved a feeding trial conducted over a period of 12 weeks, using 200 Hy-line W36 laying hens aged 39 weeks. The dietary intervention included a basic diet (serving as a control with no supplementation), as well as diets fortified with 40, 60 or 80 parts per million (ppm) of hydroalcoholic saffron petal extract in a completely randomized design. RESULTS: Results showed that the inclusion of saffron petal extract in the diet did not significantly affect the egg crude protein, fat and ash content. However, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in yolk cholesterol concentration was observed. No substantial effect was noted on feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and egg weight (p > 0.05). On the other hand, a significant increase (p < 0.05) was documented in the egg production percentage of hens fed on the 80 ppm saffron petal extract diet compared to the control. Furthermore, saffron petal extract supplementation resulted in a significantly lower yolk cholesterol together with reduced serum cholesterol content (p < 0.05). Blood glucose and triglyceride concentrations also demonstrated a decrease subsequent to the inclusion of 80 ppm saffron petal extract. The excretion of faecal minerals did not show any significant alterations due to the dietary interventions (p > 0.05). Notably, hens supplemented with 60 and 80 ppm saffron petal extract displayed significantly diminished concentrations of faecal ammonia (NH(3)) emissions (p < 0.05) compared to the control. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that the inclusion of 80 ppm saffron petal extract in the diet of laying hens may serve as a functional food source to mitigate cholesterol levels in egg yolk and blood serum, as well as to reduce faecal ammonia emissions.