Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Radiation protection aims to reduce unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation, protecting patients and healthcare workers. Although diagnostic imaging techniques contribute minimally to overall exposure, risks still exist. Radiologic technologists perform X-ray procedures in diverse settings, collaborating with medical teams to ensure quality patient care. The Radiological Sciences program delivers comprehensive education and clinical training in anatomy, radiation safety, patient positioning, and imaging techniques. This study assesses the effectiveness of educational interventions in enhancing students' understanding of principles of radiation physics, protection, and safety guidelines, preparing them for responsible clinical and research practices. METHODS: A cross-sectional, in-person survey was conducted among undergraduate and intern students in the Radiological Sciences Department at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Jeddah. The Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) scale was distributed via Google Forms. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.29). Differences in HPKRP components between students' stages were examined using an unpaired samples t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Undergraduate students in their third and fourth years, as well as interns who completed post-educational courses, scored significantly higher than second-year students without prior coursework in medical radiation imaging. Participants with post-educational courses and training in ionizing radiation demonstrated the highest knowledge levels in radiation physics, biology, and principles of radiation use (mean: 9.2 ± 0.8), followed by radiation protection (mean: 8.9 ± 1.2). Knowledge of safe ionizing radiation use guidelines scored slightly lower (mean: 8.5 ± 1.6). CONCLUSION: Structured radiation education significantly enhances students' knowledge of radiation physics, protection, and safety guidelines. Significant improvements were observed between the second and third academic stages, as well as among interns, with stable retention in later stages. Early integration and continuous education for promoting a strong culture of radiation safety and responsible practice across clinical and research environments.