Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to evaluate the post-release outcomes of incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) treated with extended-release buprenorphine (XRB) in a rural county jail. Administrative data were collected from a pilot program within a jail in Maine that introduced XRB treatment in 2022 and a comparable jail utilizing sublingual buprenorphine (SLB) during the same period to compare post-release outcomes. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for jail use of XRB vs. SLB on post-release community buprenorphine continuation. RESULTS: From September 2022 to September 2023, 70 individuals who received XRB were released from the pilot jail and 130 individuals who received SLB were released from the comparison jail. After adjusting for age, sex, and buprenorphine use at entry to jail, individuals released from the pilot jail were almost 3 times (adjusted RR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.84, 3.88) as likely to continue community buprenorphine treatment post-release relative to the comparison jail. In addition, utilization of XRB allowed for expanded access to OUD treatment, was well tolerated, and reduced medication diversion. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot program in Maine, XRB treatment during incarceration was associated with higher post-release community buprenorphine continuation when compared to individuals treated with SLB. These findings provide strong evidence for the superiority of XRB vs. SLB for the treatment of OUD in jail settings.