Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is considered the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. It remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. Recently, many modalities have been discovered and used in the diagnosis and management of PC, with the incorporation of many treatment options such as hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine. Robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) have further modified the diagnosis and management of PCs, improving the diagnosis accuracy and disease progression. This comprehensive review offers an in-depth exploration of the historical modalities of treatments, an evaluation of current therapeutic techniques, a discussion of the use of robotic surgery and AI, and an examination of ongoing clinical trials and emerging procedures. Additionally, this review also covers the challenges. By inspecting these aspects, the review may provide valuable information regarding future research and clinical practice directions in PC treatment, contributing to a thorough understanding of the complex and emerging context of PC management.