Abstract
Bamboo, a renewable resource, has broad applications in construction, furniture, and other sectors. However, its dimensional stability and mechanical properties under varying humidity conditions pose challenges. This study aims to investigate the effects of microwave-compression treatment on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and chemical composition of bamboo at various moisture contents, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes. In the experiment, bamboo samples with moisture contents of 10%, 30%, and 50% were subjected to microwave-compression, and their mechanical properties, water resistance, chemical composition, and microstructure were subsequently analyzed. The results indicate that bamboo with low moisture content (10%) exhibited the best modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), while bamboo with higher moisture contents (30% and 50%) showed significant declines in mechanical properties, although dimensional stability improved. Chemical analysis revealed that microwave-compression treatment resulted in the reorganization of lignin and hemicellulose, enhancing the chemical stability of bamboo, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated an increase in crystallinity at higher moisture contents. Overall, the study demonstrates that microwave-compression treatment can optimize the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of bamboo, particularly with moderate moisture contents. The results show that microwave-compression treatment can improve the structural performance of bamboo, especially under low-humidity conditions.