Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation is an emergency that requires prompt reduction to relieve pain and restore function. However, practicing reduction techniques can be challenging due to the limited availability of real-world cases and high-fidelity task trainers. Hands-on TMJ dislocation reduction task trainers are not readily available, highlighting the need to improve traditional education methods to provide more effective and accessible hands-on learning opportunities. To address this gap, we developed a low-cost, high-fidelity three-dimensional (3D) printed TMJ dislocation reduction task trainer using open-source 3D computer-assisted design files. This innovative simulator provides a realistic, anatomically accurate model to teach and practice TMJ dislocation reduction techniques. The task trainer was designed using 3D printing technology and inexpensive, readily available materials, significantly reducing production costs while maintaining high anatomical fidelity. The model replicates key anatomical features of the TMJ, including the mandibular condyles and articular surfaces, allowing for realistic hand placement, joint manipulation, and reduction procedures. A stepwise approach was followed in the model's development, including iterative printing and validation through expert feedback from emergency medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and simulation experts. The final product was evaluated in a pilot study, where resident physicians and medical students practiced reduction techniques on the trainer. Participants reported high satisfaction with the realism of the task trainer, particularly regarding tactile feedback and ease of manipulation. With a 3D printer already available, cost analysis demonstrated that the materials for each task trainer cost less than $20. This cost-effective solution has the potential to democratize access to quality TMJ reduction training worldwide. In addition, the modular design of the task trainer allows for customization, offering opportunities for further advancements in medical simulation education. Future areas of investigation include further validation studies to assess skill transfer to clinical settings and incorporation of this task trainer into emergency medicine and dental training programs. We believe that this low-cost, high-fidelity model will play a critical role in improving hands-on training for TMJ dislocation reduction, benefiting both learners and patients by enhancing clinical preparedness.