Abstract
Spinal anesthesia has many side effects, one of them being a drop in blood pressure (BP). Identifying predictive factors for this drop is a clear matter of concern. In this regard, the expiratory inferior vena cava/abdominal aorta (eIVC/Ao) index has already been spotted as such for doses of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine greater than 12mg. Departing from the demonstrated correlation between this index and hypotension post-spinal anesthesia, our study aimed to (1) evaluate whether an eIVC/Ao index greater than 0.7, thus defining non-hypovolemic patients, can also predict minimal BP for doses inferior to 12mg and (2) identify other predictive factors for minimal BP post-spinal anesthesia. Lastly, we verified whether preoperative fasting induces hypovolemia. This single-center prospective observational pilot study included 20 patients. The baseline measurements of BP, eIVC/Ao index, and fasting time were recorded at time T0'. Then spinal anesthesia was administered with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in doses inferior to 12 mg. The patients' systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and metameric levels were each recorded at times T5', T10', T15', and T20'. The results indicated that baseline DBP was predictive of low DBP and minimum MAP, which reflect myocardial perfusion and systemic pressures, respectively. Therefore, it should trigger prophylaxis (spinal-lateralized, continuous, or lower dose) in patients with a low DBP baseline. Additionally, baseline SBP was predictive of minimum SBP, an independent risk factor for post-anesthetic hypotension if its baseline is less than 120 mmHg. Although female gender was linked to minimum SBP, other confounding factors (size, dose administered, and type of surgery related to gender) must also be considered. Moreover, a correlation was established between height and MAP in parturients. Hypotension was not recorded at local anesthetic (LA) doses between 8 and 12 mg and the doses administered were sufficient to achieve the metameric levels required for surgery (ether tests). Since 8 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine achieved the same level as 12 mg, lower doses of LA might prevent a significant drop in BP and its deleterious effects. Therefore, in the current cohort, the eIVC/Ao index was not predictive of minimum BP during spinal anesthesia with doses less than 12 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. However, predictive factors for minimum BP included gender and baseline SBP (for minimum SBP), height and baseline DBP (for minimum MAP), and baseline DBP (for minimum DBP). Lastly, preoperative fasting did not cause hypovolemia.