Abstract
In the current research Russula delica mushroom/bentonite clay (RDBNC) as a low-cost bionanosorbent was investigated for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) dye from contaminated water. The bionanosorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Zeta-potential techniques. Adsorption experiments of RDBNC for MB, MG dyes following Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic models. To determine their effects on the adsorption efficiency, the adsorption parameters were investigated including dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and dosage of the bionanosorbent. The adsorption process can operate through three primary mechanisms: the π-π interaction, the hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions between the surface of RDBNC and MB, MG dyes. Desorption results revealed that MB and MG dyes were effectively desorbed during the fourth cycle without a notable loss in adsorption capacity. The thermodynamics parameters including ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG, were determined, and the adsorption process was favorable, spontaneous, and exothermic for MB and MG. The results showed that RDBNC, which showed effective inhibition at low concentrations, especially against E. coli, can be used as a low-cost bionanosorbent synthesised for the first time to remove industrial dyes.