Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) on quality of life (QoL) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Pakistan. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 5325 patients who underwent PCI, divided into CIN (n = 1250) and non-CIN (n = 4075) groups. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and procedural details were recorded. QoL was assessed using a standardized questionnaire before and after PCI, covering physical functioning, pain, mobility, anxiety/depression, and overall health. Statistical analyses compared QoL scores between groups and identified predictors of change. RESULTS: Patients who developed CIN exhibited a significant decline in post-PCI QoL across all domains compared to the non-CIN group (p < 0.05). CIN, older age, diabetes, lack of hydration protocol use, prolonged hospital stay, and lower baseline QoL were independent predictors of poorer QoL outcomes. Comorbidities were more prevalent in the CIN group, including diabetes (64.0 % vs. 47.8 %), hypertension (68.0 % vs. 60.8 %), and CKD Stage 3 or worse (28.0 % vs. 8.6 %) (all p < 0.05). CIN patients more frequently underwent PCI for acute coronary syndrome, received higher contrast volumes, and had lower use of preventive measures. Post-PCI complications such as heart failure (36.0 %), dialysis requirement (32.0 %), and prolonged hospital stays (60.0 %) were significantly higher in CIN patients. CONCLUSION: CIN adversely affects QoL following PCI, particularly in high-risk patients. Preventive strategies and early intervention are essential to mitigate CIN-related complications and improve patient-centered outcomes. Further prospective, multi-center studies are warranted.