Abstract
The rapid development of the photovoltaic industry has also brought some economic losses and environmental problems due to the waste generated during silicon ingot cutting. This study introduces an effective and facile method to reutilize silicon-cutting waste by constructing a multilayer Si@SiO(2)@C composite for Li-ion batteries via two-step annealing. The double-layer structure of the resultant composite alleviates the severe volume changes of silicon effectively, and the surrounding slightly graphitic carbon, known for its high conductivity and mechanical strength, tightly envelops the silicon nanoflakes, facilitates ion and electron transport and maintains electrode structural integrity throughout repeated charge/discharge cycles. With an optimization of the carbon content, the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) was improved from 53% to 84%. The refined Si@SiO(2)@C anode exhibits outstanding cycling stability (711.4 mAh g(-1) after 500 cycles) and rate performance (973.5 mAh g(-1) at 2 C). This research presents a direct and cost-efficient strategy for transforming photovoltaic silicon-cutting waste into high-energy-density lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode materials.