Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most malignant genetically diverse brain tumour, with no cure. The most common genetic mutation in GB is a truncated active mutant of epidermal growth receptor (EGFR), the EGFRvIII. Oncostatin M Receptor (OSMR) orchestrates a feedforward signaling mechanism with EGFRvIII and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), to drive GB progression. Beyond EGFRvIII, OSMR promotes brain tumour stem cells (BTSCs) via upregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and contributes to therapy resistance. The molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted roles of OSMR in different contexts are largely unclear. Here, we systematically mapped the OSMR interactome using Mammalian Membrane Two-Hybrid High-Throughput Screening (MaMTH-HTS). This unbiased approach led to the identification of OSMR-specific and OSMR/EGFRvIII-specific binding proteins, revealing context-dependent OSMR functions. Among a subset of common interactors, we uncovered chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) as a critical regulator of both OSMR-STAT3 signaling and the OSMR/EGFRvIII complex in GB. CLIC1 physically associates with both OSMR and EGFRvIII and plays a key role in EGFRvIII packaging into extracellular vesicles (EVs). Genetic deletion of CLIC1 disrupts the OSMR/EGFRvIII interaction, impairs STAT3 activation, reduces EGFRvIII EV content, and slows GB progression. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets transmembrane CLIC1 (tmCLIC1omab), we establish a distinct pharmacologically and biophysically tmCLIC-mediated current in GB indispensable for sustaining EGFRvIII/STAT3 signaling. Importantly, we show that OSMR is required for maintaining CLIC1-mediated ionic balance at the plasma membrane (PM). Our study uncovers a bidirectional cross-talk between OSMR and tmCLIC1 in GB, which is essential for fueling its malignant growth.