Abstract
In our previous studies, we demonstrated the ability of an interstitial all-optical needle photoacoustic (PA) sensing probe and PA spectral analysis (PASA) to assess the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. In this clinical translation investigation, we integrated the optical components of the needle PA sensing probe into a 18G steel needle. The translational needle PA sensing probe was evaluated using intact human prostates in a simulated ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy. PA signals were acquired at 1220 nm, 1370 nm, 800 nm and 266 nm at each interstitial measurement location and quantified by PASA within the frequency range of 8-28 MHz. The measurement locations were stained for establishing spatial correlations between the quantitative measurements and the histological diagnosing. Most of the quantitative PA assessments reveal statistically significant differences between the benign and cancerous regions. Multivariate analysis combining the PASA quantifications shows an accuracy close to 90% in differentiating the benign and cancerous regions in the prostates.