Abstract
BACKGROUND: Technetium-99 m-labelled macroaggregated human serum albumin ([99mTc]Tc-MAA) is commonly used for lung perfusion scintigraphy. The European Pharmacopoeia (Eu.Ph.) specifies thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as the only method to assess its radiochemical purity (RCP). Similarly, TLC is the sole method reported in the literature to evaluate the RCP of Gallium-68-labelled MAA [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA, recently introduced for lung perfusion PET/CT imaging. Since [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA is prepared from commercial kits originally designed for the preparation of [99mTc]Tc-MAA, it is essential to optimize and validate the preparation methods for [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA. RESULTS: We tested a novel, simplified method for the preparation of [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA that does not require organic solvents, prewash or final purification steps to remove radioactive impurities. We assessed the final product using radio-TLC, radio-UV-HPLC, and radio SDS-PAGE. Overall, our quality control (QC) method successfully detected [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA along with all potential impurities, including free Ga-68, [(68) Ga]Ga-HSA, unlabeled HSA, which may occur during labelling process and HEPES residual, a non-toxic but non-human-approved contaminant, used as buffer solution. We then applied our QC system to [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA prepared under different conditions (25°-40°-75°-95 °C), thus defining the optimal temperature for labelling. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the products obtained through our novel method confirmed that most [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA particles preserved the morphological structure and size distribution of unlabeled MAA, with a particle diameter range of 25-50 μm, assuring diagnostic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: We optimized a novel method to prepare [(68) Ga]Ga-MAA through a QC system capable of monitoring all impurities of the final products.