Abstract
Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels in critically ill patients is a cornerstone of intensive care management. Nurse-led glycemic control protocols, i.e., structured algorithms empowering trained nurses to initiate and adjust insulin therapy, are increasingly adopted to improve the timeliness and consistency of glucose regulation in the Intensive Care Unit. These protocols offer substantial clinical benefits, including faster glucose correction, enhanced adherence to institutional practices, and reduced physician burden. However, their implementation also raises significant legal and ethical concerns. The complexity of critical illness, variability in nursing expertise, and the regulatory boundaries of professional roles may compromise protocol safety and nurse protection if not carefully managed. This paper explores the evidence supporting nurse-led glycemic control, highlighting the risks of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and examines institutional strategies to mitigate associated challenges. Recommendations include protocol flexibility, rigorous nurse training, structured escalation pathways, legal endorsement, and integration with electronic health records. When grounded in strong clinical governance and legal frameworks, nurse-led protocols can enhance patient outcomes while preserving professional accountability. However, their success depends on a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach that balances efficiency with individualized care and safeguards all practitioners involved.