Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of methionine on in vitro methane (CH(4)) production, rumen fermentation, amino acid (AA) metabolism, and rumen microbiota in a low protein diet. We evaluated three levels of methionine (M0, 0%; M1, 0.28%; and M2, 1.12%) of in the presence of sodium nitrate (1%) in a diet containing elephant grass (90%) and concentrate (10%). We used an in vitro batch culture technique by using rumen fluid from cannulated buffaloes. Total gas and CH(4) production were measured in each fermentation bottle at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 h of incubation. Results revealed that M0 decreased (p < 0.001) the total gas and CH(4) production, but methionine exhibited no effect on these parameters. M0 decreased (p < 0.05) the individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), while increasing (p < 0.05) the ruminal pH, acetate to propionate ratio, and microbial protein content. Methionine did not affect ruminal AA contents except asparagine, which substantially increased (p = 0.003). M2 increased the protozoa counts, but both M0 and M1 decreased (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of Firmicutes while increasing (p < 0.05) the Campilobacterota and Proteobacteria. However, Prevotella and γ-Proteobacteria were identified as biomarkers in the nitrate group. Our findings indicate that methionine can increase ruminal asparagine content and the population of Compylobactor.