Abstract
This comprehensive study investigates the properties of chemical nanomagnetic iron oxide particles (CNMIOPs) synthesized through a chemical method. The primary objective is to examine how pH levels and washing solvents affect the magnetism properties of these nanoparticles. Three different pH levels (1.2, 7.5, and 12.5) using NaOH and two washing solvents (ethanol and water) are employed. The characterization techniques include FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, ZSP, and VSM. Furthermore, the study incorporates two specific pH- and solvent-dependent CNMIOPs into PCL electrospun materials to analyze their performance in a targeted application. The results show that pH and the washing process significantly affect the CNMIOPs' properties. Higher pH levels result in smaller particles with higher crystallinity and reduce crystalline anisotropy. SEM and TEM analysis confirm different morphologies, including cubic, spherical, and elongated shapes. Ethanol-washed CNMIOPs exhibit superior magnetic behavior, with the highest magnetization saturation at pH 12.5 (Ms = 58.3 emu/g). The stability of the CNMIOPs ranges from -14.7 to -23.8 mV, and higher pH levels exhibit promising antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the study explores the effects of pH and washing solvents on CNMIOP-infused nanofiber membranes, with better dispersion observed with ethanol washing. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the properties and behavior of CNMIOPs under varying pH and washing conditions.