Conclusions
These results suggest that 223Ra exposure may be associated with greater biological effects than would be expected by direct comparison with a similar dose of external alpha particles, highlighting important challenges for future therapeutic optimization.
Methods
We evaluated the effects of 223Ra irradiation in a panel of cell lines and then compared them with standard X-ray and external alpha-particle irradiation, with a particular focus on cell survival and DNA damage repair kinetics.
Results
223Ra exposures had very high, cell-type-dependent RBE50% ranging from 7 to 15. This was significantly greater than external alpha irradiations (RBE50% from 1.4 to 2.1). These differences were shown to be partially related to the volume of 223Ra solution added, independent of the alpha-particle dose rate, suggesting a radiation-independent mechanism of effect. Both external alpha particles and 223Ra exposure were associated with delayed DNA repair, with similar kinetics. Additionally, the greater treatment efficacy of 223Ra was associated with increased levels of residual DNA damage and cell death by mitotic catastrophe. Conclusions: These results suggest that 223Ra exposure may be associated with greater biological effects than would be expected by direct comparison with a similar dose of external alpha particles, highlighting important challenges for future therapeutic optimization.