Abstract
Everolimus is an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor used in cancer chemotherapy and transplantation. Due to its therapeutic properties, everolimus has been used long-term in clinical practice. Drug interactions with everolimus during gastrointestinal absorption can alter the oral bioavailability of everolimus and/or concomitant drugs. However, the effects of everolimus on gastrointestinal absorption remain unknown. The present study assessed the impact of continuous exposure to everolimus on expression and function of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 and ABCG2 using a Caco-2 intestinal cell model. Caco-2 subline, Caco/EV, was established by continuously exposing Caco-2 cells to 1 µM everolimus. Cell viability was evaluated using WST-1 assay. mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Transport activity of ABCB1 was evaluated through the cellular accumulation of Rhodamin 123, a substrate for ABCB1. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for everolimus in Caco-2 and Caco/EV cells were 0.31 and 4.33 µM, respectively, indicating 14-fold resistance in Caco/EV cells. Sensitivity to paclitaxel and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, which are substrates for ABCB1 and ABCG2, respectively, was enhanced in Caco/EV, but not in Caco-2 cells. The IC50 values of cisplatin were comparable in both cell lines. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of ABCB1 and ABCG2 were lower in Caco/EV cells than in Caco-2 cells, and the cellular accumulation of Rhodamine 123 was significantly higher in Caco/EV cells. These findings demonstrated that continuous exposure to everolimus suppressed the expression and function of ABCB1 and ABCG2, suggesting potential drug-drug interactions via the suppression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in the intestinal tract.