Objective
To determine whether angiopoietin (ANGPT)-1 and -2 are detectable in the circulation of nonhuman primates and women and whether these levels fluctuate in association with ovarian activity. Design: Prospective. Setting: National Primate Research Center, medical center, and infertility clinic. Patient(s): Adult female rhesus monkeys; 15 women donating oocytes for infertility treatment. Intervention(s): Controlled ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins, removal of the corpus luteum and ovaries, oocyte retrieval, and ET. Main outcome measure(s): Circulating levels of ANGPT-1 and ANGPT-2. Result(s): Serum ANGPT-1 and ANGPT-2 levels were detectable and invariant in maintaining an ANGPT-1 to -2 ratio >1 in [1] macaques over the course of the natural menstrual cycle, during a controlled ovulation protocol, and after removal of the corpus luteum or ovaries and [2] women undergoing controlled ovarian simulation. In contrast, the ANGPT-1 to -2 ratio was markedly decreased (<<1) at mid-to-late gestation in macaques and in the follicular fluid of women undergoing controlled ovarian simulation because of increased levels of ANGPT-2.