Abstract
Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is a non-invasive, label-free method of in vivo imaging with microscopic resolution and high optical contrast. Based on intrinsic contrasts, OR-PAM has expanded to include in vivo vessel imaging, flow cytometry, physiological parameter analysis, and single-cell characterization. However, since conventional OR-PAM systems have a fixed tabletop configuration, a large system size, and slow imaging speed, their use in preclinical and clinical studies remains limited. In this study, using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, we developed a handheld PAM probe with a high signal-to-noise ratio and image rate. To enable broader application of the OR-PAM system, we reduced its size and combined its fast scanning capabilities into a small handheld probe that uses a 2-axis waterproof MEMS scanner (2A-WP-MEMS scanner). All acoustical, optical, and mechanical components are integrated into a single probe with a diameter of 17 mm and a weight of 162 g. This study shows phantom and in vivo images of various samples acquired with the probe, including carbon fibers, electrospun microfibers, and the ear, iris, and brain of a living mouse. In particular, this study investigated the possibility of clinical applications for melanoma diagnosis by imaging the boundaries and morphology of a human mole.