Embedding Bioprinting of Low Viscous, Photopolymerizable Blood-Based Bioinks in a Crystal Self-Healing Transparent Supporting Bath

在晶体自修复透明支撑槽中嵌入低粘度、可光聚合的血液生物墨水进行生物打印

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作者:Monize Caiado Decarli, Helena P Ferreira, Rita Sobreiro-Almeida, Filipa C Teixeira, Tiago R Correia, Joanna Babilotte, Jos Olijve, Catarina A Custódio, Inês C Gonçalves, Carlos Mota, João F Mano, Lorenzo Moroni

Abstract

Protein-based hydrogels have great potential to be used as bioinks for biofabrication-driven tissue regeneration strategies due to their innate bioactivity. Nevertheless, their use as bioinks in conventional 3D bioprinting is impaired due to their intrinsic low viscosity. Using embedding bioprinting, a liquid bioink is printed within a support that physically holds the patterned filament. Inspired by the recognized microencapsulation technique complex coacervation, crystal self-healing embedding bioprinting (CLADDING) is introduced based on a highly transparent crystal supporting bath. The suitability of distinct classes of gelatins is evaluated (i.e., molecular weight distribution, isoelectric point, and ionic content), as well as the formation of gelatin-gum arabic microparticles as a function of pH, temperature, solvent, and mass ratios. Characterizing and controlling this parametric window resulted in high yields of support bath with ideal self-healing properties for interaction with protein-based bioinks. This support bath achieved transparency, which boosted light permeation within the bath. Bioprinted constructs fully composed of platelet lysates encapsulating a co-culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells are obtained, demonstrating a high-dense cellular network with excellent cell viability and stability over a month. CLADDING broadens the spectrum of photocrosslinkable materials with extremely low viscosity that can now be bioprinted with sensitive cells without any additional support.

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