ICAT promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via binding to JUP and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway

The inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor (ICAT) is a direct negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which is an attractive therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence suggests that ICAT interacts with other proteins to exert additional functions, which are not yet fully elucidated.

Inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor promoted CRC cell migration and invasion by interacting with JUP and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, ICAT could be considered a protein diagnostic biomarker for predicting the metastatic ability of CRC.

The overexpression of ICAT of CRC cells was conducted by lentivirus infection and plasmids transfection and verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) and Western blotting. The effect of ICAT on the mobility of CRC cells was assessed by wound healing assay and transwell assay in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. New candidate ICAT-interacting proteins were explored and verified using the STRING database, silver staining, co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis (Co-IP/MS), and immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis. Result: Inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor overexpression promoted in vitro cell migration and invasion and tumor metastasis in vivo. Co-IP/MS analysis and STRING database analyses revealed that junction plakoglobin (JUP), a homolog of β-catenin, was involved in a novel protein interaction with ICAT. Furthermore, JUP downregulation impaired ICAT-induced migration and invasion of CRC cells. In addition, ICAT overexpression activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, which led to enhanced CRC cell migration and invasion.