Background
β-adrenoceptors play a crucial regulatory role in blood vessel endothelial cells. Isoprenaline (ISO, a β-adrenergic agonist) has been reported to promote angiogenesis through upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be investigated. It is widely accepted that certain noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), can regulate endothelial cell behavior, including their involvement in angiogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether noncoding RNAs participate in ISO-mediated angiogenesis using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
Conclusions
ISO-mediated angiogenesis was associated with altered expression of miR-210, miR-21, and the lncRNAs GAS5 and MEG3. The effects of miR-210 on the expression of VEGF-A and noncoding RNAs were similar to those of ISO, indicating that it might play an important role in ISO-mediated angiogenesis.
Methods
We evaluated VEGF-A messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in ISO-treated HUVECs by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. To establish whether noncoding RNAs are associated with ISO-mediated angiogenesis, we measured expression of the miRNAs miR-210, miR-21, and miR-1, as well as that of the lncRNAs growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5), maternally expressed 3 (MEG3), and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in HUVECs exposed to ISO. Furthermore, to ascertain its importance in ISO-mediated angiogenesis, we constructed the HUVECs with overexpressing miR-210 and detected the subsequent expression of VEGF-A and noncoding RNAs. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 software. Intergroup comparisons were carried out by one-way analysis of variance.
Results
VEGF-A mRNA levels were elevated in the ISO group (1.57 ± 0.09) compared to those in the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, concentrations of VEGF-A in culture supernatants significantly differed between the control (113.00 ± 19.21 pg/ml) and ISO groups (287.00 ± 20.27 pg/ml; P< 0.01). Expression of miR-1, miR-21, and miR-210 was higher (3.89 ± 0.44, 2.87 ± 087, and 3.33 ± 1.31, respectively) in ISO-treated cells than that in controls (P < 0.01), whereas that of GAS5 and MEG3 (0.22 ± 0.10 and 0.58 ± 0.16, respectively) was lower as a result of ISO administration (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of MALAT1 between the groups. Interestingly, miR-210 overexpression heightened the levels of VEGF-A and miR-21 (5.87 ± 1.24 and 2.74 ± 1.15, respectively; P< 0.01) and reduced those of GAS5 and MEG3 (0.19 ± 0.01 and 0.09 ± 0.05, respectively; P< 0.01). Conclusions: ISO-mediated angiogenesis was associated with altered expression of miR-210, miR-21, and the lncRNAs GAS5 and MEG3. The effects of miR-210 on the expression of VEGF-A and noncoding RNAs were similar to those of ISO, indicating that it might play an important role in ISO-mediated angiogenesis.