Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and Enamel Matrix Derivatives (EMD) can support the local regenerative events in periodontal defects. There is reason to suggest that PRF and EMD exert part of their activity by targeting the blood-derived cells accumulating in the early wound healing blastema. However, the impact of PRF and EMD on blood cell response remains to be discovered. To this aim, we have exposed human peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) to PRF lysates prepared by a swing-out rotor and EMD, followed by bulk RNA sequencing. A total of 111 and 8 genes are up- and down-regulated by PRF under the premise of an at least log2 two-fold change and a minus log10 significance level of two, respectively. Representative is a characteristic IFN response indicated by various human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQA2, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB5), gamma Fc receptors (FCGR1A, FCGR1B, FCGR3B), chemokines (CXCL9-11), and calprotectin (S100A8/9 and S100A12), complement (C1QA/B, C2) and interferon-induced guanylate-binding proteins (GBP1, GBP5). With EMD, 67 and 29 genes are up- and down-regulated, respectively. Characteristic of the upregulated genes are tensins (TNS1 and TNS3). Among the genes downregulated by EMD were epsilon Fc receptors (FCER1A; FCER2), Fc receptor-like proteins (FCRL1, FCRL3) and CX3CR1. Genes commonly upregulated by PRF and EMD were most noticeably NXPH4 and MN1, as well as FN1, MMP14, MERTK, and AXL. Our findings suggest that PRF provokes an inflammatory response, while EMD dampens IgE signaling in peripheral mononucleated blood cells.