Quantification of wild-type and radiation attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite motility in human skin

野生型和辐射减毒恶性疟原虫子孢子在人体皮肤中的运动能力的量化

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作者:Béatrice M F Winkel, Clarize M de Korne, Matthias N van Oosterom, Diego Staphorst, Mark Meijhuis, Els Baalbergen, Munisha S Ganesh, Koen J Dechering, Martijn W Vos, Séverine C Chevalley-Maurel, Blandine Franke-Fayard, Fijs W B van Leeuwen, Meta Roestenberg

Abstract

Given the number of global malaria cases and deaths, the need for a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) remains pressing. Administration of live, radiation-attenuated Pf sporozoites can fully protect malaria-naïve individuals. Despite the fact that motility of these attenuated parasites is key to their infectivity and ultimately protective efficacy, sporozoite motility in human tissue (e.g. skin) remains wholly uncharacterized to date. We show that the ability to quantitatively address the complexity of sporozoite motility in human tissue provides an additional tool in the development of attenuated sporozoite vaccines. We imaged Pf movement in the skin of its natural host and compared wild-type and radiation-attenuated GFP-expressing Pf sporozoites. Using custom image analysis software and human skin explants we were able to quantitatively study their key motility features. This head-to-head comparison revealed that radiation attenuation impaired the capacity of sporozoites to vary their movement angle, velocity and direction, promoting less refined movement patterns. Understanding and overcoming these changes in motility will contribute to the development of an efficacious attenuated parasite malaria vaccine.

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