Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and IL-4 serum levels and new genetic mutations in breast cancer (BC) patients were assessed in the current study. The serum levels of the examined cytokines in 40 BC patients and 40 control subjects were assessed using the ELISA technique. In order to identify genotype variants of the IL-1β, IL-4, and VEGF genes in 40 Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) samples with BC and 10 FFPE samples from healthy women's breast tissue, Sanger sequencing was used. According to this study, BC patients had significantly lower serum concentrations of IL-4 and significantly higher quantities of the tumor markers, CA15-3, IL-1β, and VEGF. In terms of genotype alterations, a total of 21 mutations in three trialed genes (eight in IL-1β, 10 in IL-4, and three in VEGF) were found in BC patients. The results of the current investigation suggested that angiogenesis and the development of BC may be significantly influenced by the genetic differences and higher levels of the examined cytokines.