Conclusion
These results reveals that these biologically inspired AgNPs and Ag-amoxi conjugate could be used to improve antibiotic efficiency and could play a critical role in addressing the multidrug resistance problem in coming years.
Results
The average sizes of AgNPs and Ag-amoxi conjugates were 45 and 62 nm, respectively. We have also explored the antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties of the AgNPs and Ag-amoxi conjugates through in vivo and in vitro analysis. The Ag-amoxi conjugates showed better antibacterial potential against Streptococcus Pneumoniae (S.P), Staphylococcus aureus (S.A), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.A), and Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain both the drug and AgNPs. Similarly, in vivo anti-inflammatory studies revealed that both Ag-amoxi (68 %) and AgNPs (64 %) had strong anti-inflammatory effects, with (***p < 0.001) significance at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 body weight as compared to standard, amoxicillin (45 %), and flavonoids extract (48 %) at a dose of 100 mg kg-1. The findings of the antinociceptive activities (writhing and hot plate tests) demonstrated that the Ag-amoxi conjugates produced fewer writhing (15 in 20 s) and a shorter latency time of 22 s as compared to vehicle-treated (tramadol) animals, amoxicillin, and P.E at much lower doses. In vitro antioxidant studies revealed that the Ag-amoxi conjugate has the potential to be used as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 43.58, compared with AgNPs (46.34), amoxicillin (58.17), compared to the standard of ascorbic acid (34.14).