Abstract
The human myxovirus resistance 2 (Mx2/MxB) protein, a member of interferon (IFN)-inducible dynamin-like large GTPases, restricts a number of virus infections. Inhibition of these viruses occurs at poorly-defined steps after viral entry and has a common requirement for MxB oligomerization. However, the GTPase activity is essential for the anti-viral effects of MxB against herpesviruses and HBV but not HIV-1. To understand the role of MxB GTPase activity, including GTP binding and GTP hydrolysis, in restriction of HIV-1 infection, we genetically separated these two functions and evaluated their contributions to restriction. We found that both the GTP binding and hydrolysis function of MxB involved in the restriction of HIV-1 replication. The GTPase activity of MxB contributed to its nuclear location, interaction with nucleoporins (NUPs) and HIV-1 capsids. Furthermore, MxB disrupted the association between NUPs and HIV-1 cores dependently upon its GTPase activity. The function of GTPase activity was therefore multi-faceted, led to fundamentally distinct mechanisms employed by wild-type MxB and GTPase activity defective MxB mutations to restrict HIV-1 replication.