Abstract
In this trial, lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) were separated and cultured to produce a vaccine; its safety and efficacy were prospectively evaluated in low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. Between February and September 2014, we enrolled 90 patients who met the enrollment criteria and assigned them to three groups (n = 30). Throughout the trial, injection site reaction was the most common reaction (63 %), and fever was least common (16 %); however, there was no difference among the three groups. When the immune responses pre- and post-vaccination were compared, we found that the CSC-nonspecific and CSC-specific responses were both significantly enhanced in the medium- and high-dose groups. This study is the first clinical trial of a lung CSC vaccine and preliminarily proves its safety and efficacy.