Abstract
The smallest entities in aquatic ecosystems, i.e., femtoplankton, are certainly the largest reservoir of uncharacterized biodiversity. Among them, the discovery of mysterious Aster like nanoparticles has raised many questions about their nature, origin and ecology. Here, we highlight the original nature of this new model, organic and composed of enriched-calcium carbohydrates, with no detection of nucleic acids or proteins. The biosynthesis of these entities seems to be associated with a host in their 11 arms' form prior to their release into the environment. An intriguing aspect of their mode of development is their ability, once free, to change form and maintain their abundance autonomously without metabolism being detected, resulting in an unexpected polymorphism. Their remarkable capacity for massive in situ development and their links with prokaryotes and other microbes suggest a major role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. There's no doubt that these new entities are a source of new knowledge not only in the sciences of organic nanoparticles, but also in their ecological importance for aquatic ecosystems.