Background
Therapeutic humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody (t-mAb), daratumumab (DARA) is a Food and Drug Administration approved drug for the treatment of relapsed/refractory plasma cell myeloma (PCM). DARA appears on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and on serum immunofixation (sIFE) as an IgG kappa monoclonal immunoglobulin protein (M-protein), complicating the assessment of the patients' response to therapy. A more ominous threat to patient safety can occur with the misinterpretation of the presence of a small t-mAb spike as being the residual product of the patient's neoplastic clone, presented either as oligoclonality or new clonality, which could result in incorrect interpretation of failure to achieve remission.
Conclusions
This method is an effective way to eliminate DARA interference in SPEP and sIFE, and can be easily implemented in any clinical laboratory without any patent restriction. This simple technique can be adopted for other t-mAbs using their respective ligands and will help to reduce additional doses of toxic treatment and further testing in patients on t-mAbs with a false positive M-protein spike.
Methods
In this report, we describe a novel and cost-effective technique based on biotinylated recombinant CD38 and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads to capture and remove residual DARA present in PCM patient serum samples. The treated samples are then run like regular samples on SPEP and sIFE. We validated this simple technique in DARA-spiked PCM samples and patient samples on DARA treatment.
Results
Our simple capture technique completely extracted DARA in all of the tested serum specimens and allowed the assessment of residual M-protein without DARA interference. The results were reproducible and highly specific for DARA, and did not have any impact on endogenous M-protein migration and quantification by SPEP and sIFE. The cost of this technique is much lower and it can be performed in-house with a very short turnaround time compared to the currently available alternative methods. There is a great need for such reflex technologies to avoid interpretation errors. Conclusions: This method is an effective way to eliminate DARA interference in SPEP and sIFE, and can be easily implemented in any clinical laboratory without any patent restriction. This simple technique can be adopted for other t-mAbs using their respective ligands and will help to reduce additional doses of toxic treatment and further testing in patients on t-mAbs with a false positive M-protein spike.