Abstract
Classical collagen type IV comprising of a heterotrimer of two collagen IV alpha 1 chains and one collagen IV alpha 2 chain is the principal type of collagen synthesized by endothelial cells (EC) and is a major constituent of vascular basement membranes. In mouse and man, mutations in genes that encode collagen IV alpha 1 and alpha 2 result in vascular dysfunction. In addition, mutations in genes that encode the Ephrin receptor B4 (EPHB4) and the p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein (RASA1) that cause increased activation of the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in EC result in vascular dysfunction as a consequence of impaired export of collagen IV. To understand the pathogenesis of collagen IV-related vascular diseases and phenotypes it is necessary to identify at which times collagen IV is actively synthesized by EC. For this purpose, we used CRISPR/Cas9 targeting in mice to include immediately after the terminal Col4a1 codon a sequence that specifies a P2A peptide followed by enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Analysis of eGFP expression in Col4a1-P2A-eGFP mice revealed active embryonic EC synthesis of collagen IV alpha 1 through mid to late gestation followed by a sharp decline before birth. These results provide a contextual framework for understanding the basis for the varied vascular abnormalities resulting from perturbation of EC expression and export of functional collagen IV.