Background
Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age globally, with the highest incidence reported in India. The challenges in diagnosing neonatal sepsis often result in the irrational use of antibiotics. The
Conclusions
IL-27 is a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, showing comparable sensitivity and NPV to PCT, but with lower specificity than CRP.
Methods
This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India from May 2019 to April 2020. Eighty neonates suspected of sepsis were enrolled based on the sepsis screen criteria approved by the National Neonatal Forum of India. Blood samples were collected for culture and biomarker analysis, with C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and IL-27 levels measured. The diagnostic performance of IL-27 was compared to that of CRP and PCT.
Results
Out of 80 neonates, 56% were male and 44% were female. Blood cultures were positive in 51.2% of cases. The most common pathogens isolated were Gram-negative bacteria (41%), fungi (34%), and Gram-positive bacteria (25%). IL-27 demonstrated a sensitivity of 78.05%, specificity of 61.54%, positive predictive value of 68.09%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 72.73%. In comparison, PCT showed the highest sensitivity (82.93%), and CRP had the highest specificity (79.49%). IL-27 levels were notably higher in blood culture-positive cases. Conclusions: IL-27 is a promising biomarker for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, showing comparable sensitivity and NPV to PCT, but with lower specificity than CRP.