Discussion
Our findings suggest an alteration of the endosomal pathway in APOE ε4+ and that pEVs pentraxin-2/α-synuclein ratio could serve as a useful early biomarker for AD susceptibility.
Methods
Levels of 15 neurodegenerative, neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory proteins were quantified in pEVs and compared to their plasma levels from cognitively normal and CIND participants.
Results
Levels of neurotrophic and inflammatory markers were reduced in pEVs from APOE ε4+. The pentraxin-2/α-synuclein ratio measured in pEVs was able to predict AD 5 years before the onset among APOE ε4+-CIND individuals.