Carotenoids-based reddish pelvic spines in nonreproducing female and male sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) - Signalling social dominance?

雌雄非繁殖期刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）的骨盆棘呈红色，这是类胡萝卜素的来源——是社会支配地位的信号吗？