Less invasive surfactant administration is associated with a higher need for nonpharmacological pain-relieving interventions compared to the intubation-surfactant extubation technique in preterm infants

与早产儿插管-表面活性剂拔管技术相比，创伤较小的表面活性剂给药方式会导致更高的非药物镇痛干预需求。