Identification and Functional Analysis of Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Gene Mutations in Chinese Families with Classical Homocystinuria.

Background: Homocystinuria caused by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) deficiency is the most common congenital disorder related to sulfur amino acid metabolism, manifested by neurological, vascular, and connective tissue involvement. Methods: This study analyzed the pathogenic gene and molecular mechanism of two classic homocystinuria families through whole exome sequencing and in vitro experiments including minigene assay and expression analysis. Results: Both probands presented with ectopia lentis, high myopia, and abnormally elevated homocysteine level, but one of them had more severe clinical manifestations, including general growth retardation, mild intellectual disability, and severe pectus excavatum. Their family members were phenotypically normal but presented slightly higher levels of homocysteine in plasma. Whole exome sequencing revealed that the two probands carried c.833T>C (p.Ile278Thr) and c.1359-1G>C, and c.919G>A (p.Gly307Ser) and c.131delT (p.Tle44Thrfs*38) compound heterozygous mutations in the CBS gene, respectively. Bioinformatics and in vitro functional analysis showed that the c.1359-1G>C mutation affects the normal splicing of CBS gene, resulting in the production of two abnormal transcripts and the production of two truncated proteins. One of the c.1359-1G>C splicing events (c.1359_1467del) and c.131delT (p.Tle44Thrfs*38) both lead to a significant decrease in CBS mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions: Accurate diagnosis of patients with homocystinuria is of great importance for timely and effective treatment, as well as for the provision of appropriate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis guidance to the affected families.