Parishin C Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in HT22 Hippocampal Neurons and BV2 Microglia Through Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

Parishin C (PaC) is an active ingredient in Gastrodia elata Bl. that has neuroprotective effects. However, research on its role in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation is still limited. This study used LPS-stimulated HT22 cells to investigate the antioxidant properties of PaC. Through the co-culture system of HT22 and BV2 cells, the effect of PaC on neuroinflammation was explored. The current results indicated that PaC can inhibit the levels of reactive oxygen species and peroxides in LPS-stimulated HT22 cells and increase the levels of antioxidant factors. Meanwhile, PaC can also inhibit neuronal ferroptosis and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. Importantly, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of PaC are achieved by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. The WB and IF results indicated that PaC can promote nuclear translocation of Nrf2, activate downstream antioxidant factors, and thereby regulate inflammatory responses. Inhibition of Nrf2 can significantly inhibit the regulation of PaC on the Nrf2 signaling pathway. These results indicated that PaC can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation.