RNF149 modulates the type I IFN innate antiviral immune responses through degrading IRF3.

E3 ubiquitin ligases are key molecules in regulating the innate immune responses against virus. They catalyze the activation or degradation of various signaling proteins involved in the innate immune responses. Herein, we found the regulatory role of RNF149 in the host's innate immune responses against viral infection. Virus infection induced the expression of RNF149. Overexpression of RNF149 was associated with reduced production of IFN-β and enhanced viral replication. Mechanically, RNF149 interacted with IRF3 and downregulated its protein level. As an E3 ubiquitin ligase, RNF149 promoted the K27-linked ubiquitination of IRF3 at K409 and K33-linked ubiquitination at K366 and K409, which promoted IRF3 degradation through the proteasome pathway. Our results revealed the regulatory mechanism of RNF149 during viral infection and provided new insights into host cells responding to viral infection. Downregulating the expression of RNF149 may help enhance the antiviral ability of host cells and inhibit viral replication, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of viral infection.