Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-DNA damage effects of carnosic acid against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicities in rats.

BACKGROUND: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) food contamination is a global health hazard that has detrimental effects on both human and animal health. The objective of the current study is to assess the protective impact of carnosic acid against AFB1-induced toxicities in the liver, kidneys, and heart. METHODS: Forty male Wistar Albino rats (weighting 180 ~ 200 g) were allocated into 5 groups (8 rats each); the 1(st) group received saline as served as a control, the 2(nd) group received carnosic acid (CA100) at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw/day by gavage for 14 days, the 3(rd) group received AFB1 at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw, orally twice on days 12 and 14, the 4(th) group (AFB1-CA50) received AFB1 as in the 3(rd) group and CA at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw/day, and the 5(th) group (AFB1-CA100) received AFB1 as in the 3(rd) group and CA as in the 2(nd) group. RESULTS: CA significantly decreased the liver enzymes (ALT, AST. ALP), renal function products (LDH, BUN, creatinine), and cardiac enzymes (CK and CK-MB) to control levels after the high increment by AFB1 exposure. Moreover, CA significantly decreased the oxidative stress (MDA, NO, 8-OHdG) and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD) after severe disruption of oxidant/antioxidant balance by AFB1 exposure. Interestingly, CA significantly decreased the proinflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) to the control levels after severe inflammation induced by AFB1 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusively, CA had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-DNA damage effects against hepatic, renal, and cardiac AFB1-induced toxicities.