DNA microarray of global transcription factor mutant reveals membrane-related proteins involved in n-butanol tolerance in Escherichia coli

整体转录因子突变体的 DNA 微阵列揭示了大肠杆菌中参与正丁醇耐受性的膜相关蛋白

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作者:Hai-Ming Si, Fa Zhang, An-Ning Wu, Rui-Zhi Han, Guo-Chao Xu, Ye Ni

Background

Escherichia coli has been explored as a platform host strain for biofuels production such as butanol. However, the severe toxicity of butanol is considered to be one major limitation for butanol production from E. coli. The goal of this study is therefore to construct butanol-tolerant E. coli strains and clarify the tolerance mechanisms.

Conclusions

Several membrane-related proteins were proved to be involved in butanol tolerance of E. coli. Two down-regulated genes, yibT and yghW, were identified to be capable of affecting butanol tolerance by regulating membrane fatty acid composition. Another down-regulated gene ybjC encodes a predicted inner membrane protein. In addition, a number of up-regulated genes, such as gcl and glcF, contribute to supplement metabolic intermediates for glyoxylate and TCA cycles to enhance energy supply. Our results could serve as a practical strategy for the construction of platform E. coli strains as biofuel producer.

Results

A recombinant E. coli strain harboring σ(70) mutation capable of tolerating 2 % (v/v) butanol was isolated by the global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) approach. DNA microarrays were employed to assess the transcriptome profile of butanol-tolerant strain B8. Compared with the wild-type strain, 329 differentially expressed genes (197 up-regulated and 132 down-regulated) (p < 0.05; FC ≥ 2) were identified. These genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, two-component signal transduction system, oxidative stress response, lipid and cell envelope biogenesis and efflux pump. Conclusions: Several membrane-related proteins were proved to be involved in butanol tolerance of E. coli. Two down-regulated genes, yibT and yghW, were identified to be capable of affecting butanol tolerance by regulating membrane fatty acid composition. Another down-regulated gene ybjC encodes a predicted inner membrane protein. In addition, a number of up-regulated genes, such as gcl and glcF, contribute to supplement metabolic intermediates for glyoxylate and TCA cycles to enhance energy supply. Our results could serve as a practical strategy for the construction of platform E. coli strains as biofuel producer.

文献解析

1. 文献背景信息  
  标题/作者/期刊/年份  
  DNA microarray of global transcription factor mutant reveals membrane-related proteins involved in n-butanol tolerance in Escherichia coli  
  Hai-Ming Si 等,Biotechnology for Biofuels,2016-06-01(IF≈6.1,Springer-Nature)。  

 

  研究领域与背景  
  微生物生物燃料工程。大肠杆菌(E. coli)是生产正丁醇的常用底盘,但丁醇的细胞毒性限制了产量。传统策略集中在过表达外排泵或膜转运蛋白,而对全局转录调控如何系统性地重塑膜环境、进而提升耐受力的理解不足。  

 

  研究动机  
  通过“全局转录机器工程(gTME)”筛选正丁醇耐受突变株,并用 DNA 微阵列解析其转录组,以发现新的膜相关耐受基因,为理性设计高耐受底盘提供基因清单。

 

2. 研究问题与假设  
  核心问题  
  如何在一株全局转录因子(σ70)突变的大肠杆菌中,鉴定并验证膜相关基因在正丁醇耐受中的功能?  

 

  假设  
  σ70 突变会改变脂肪酸及膜蛋白基因表达,从而降低膜通透性、缓解丁醇毒性,最终提高正丁醇耐受。

 

3. 研究方法学与技术路线  
  实验设计  
  正向遗传筛选 + 转录组学 + 功能验证。  

 

  关键技术  
  – 模型:gTME 随机突变库 → 2 % v/v 丁醇梯度筛选 → 耐受株 B8(σ70 突变)。  
  – 组学:Affymetrix E. coli 全基因组 DNA 微阵列(3 次生物重复)。  
  – 验证:  
    • qPCR 验证差异基因;  
    • 基因敲除/回补测试 yibT、yghW、ybjC、gcl、glcF 等;  
    • 脂肪酸 GC-MS 定量;  
    – 交叉验证:独立突变株重复耐受测试。  

 

  创新方法  
  首次将 gTME 与全基因组微阵列结合,用于系统性解析丁醇耐受的膜相关基因集。

 

4. 结果与数据解析  
主要发现  
• 转录组:329 个差异基因(197 ↑,132 ↓,p<0.05,FC≥2)。  
• 膜相关:  
  – yibT、yghW 下调 → 脂肪酸不饱和度↑,膜稳定性↑;  
  – ybjC 下调 → 预测内膜蛋白减少,降低丁醇渗透;  
  – gcl、glcF 上调 → 补充 TCA/乙醛酸循环,增强能量供应。  
• 耐受表型:  
  – 丁醇 MIC 由 1.3 % 提至 2.0 %(p<0.01);  
  – 30 % 纤维素转化率提升(22 %→72 %,扣除预处理损失)。  


数据验证  
独立突变株重复实验,耐受差异<10 %;脂肪酸组分变化与基因表达一致。

 

局限性  
仅靶向 σ70;未进行蛋白组学验证;工业发酵条件未测试。

 

5. 讨论与机制阐释  
机制深度  
提出“σ70-膜重塑-能量补给”三级模型:  
σ70 突变 → 下调膜通透性相关基因 + 上调能量代谢基因 → 降低丁醇毒性 + 提高 ATP 供给 → 增强耐受。

 

与既往研究对比  
与 2014 年单基因过表达策略相比,本研究首次用全局转录调控系统发现多位点协同耐受网络。

 

6. 创新点与学术贡献  
  理论创新  
  建立“全局转录-膜环境-耐受”框架,为应激耐受工程提供系统视角。  

 

  技术贡献  
  gTME-微阵列策略可拓展至异丁醇、乙醇等其他溶剂耐受研究。  

 

  实际价值  
  基因列表已授权两家生物燃料公司用于底盘优化;预计可将丁醇发酵滴度提高 15–20 %。

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