Advance Glycation End Products Inhibition by Citrus paradisi Peel Extract; Characterization, LCMS-QTOF Analysis, and Biological Evaluation.

Advance glycation end products (AGEs) are the main reason for diabetic complications. Persistent hyperglycemia and non-enzymatic glycation increase the rate of AGEs formation. Natural functional food-based approaches are mainly under investigation these days to discover new treatment options. We focused to investigate potential of medium polar fractions of Citrus paradesi. The peels fractions were analsyed for phytochemical profile, FTIR, HPLC-DAD, and LCMS-QTof, and biological investigation including antioxidant assays, α-glucosidase inhibition, and Anti AGEs inhibition was performed. LCMS-QTof confirmed the presence of flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids including naringin, narirutin 4-O-glucoside, hesperidin, naringenin-7-O-rutinoside hexamethoxyflavone, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4' heptamethoxyflavone were major compounds. A significant antioxidant activity was recorded in case of chloroform fraction compared to ethyl acetate fraction. Similarly a substancial AGEs inhibition in oxidative mode (IC(50) 0.23 mg/mL) and non-oxidative mode (IC(50) 0.10 mg/mL) was observed in chloroform fraction, whereas ethyl acetate fraction was only active in oxidative mode (IC(50) 0.69 mg/mL). A moderate α-glucosidase inhibition (IC(50) 1.23 mg/mL) was noticed in total extract, while significant activity was recorded in chloroform fraction (IC(50) 0.78 mg/mL). It was concluded that medium polar fraction of C. paradesi possesses antidiabetic and anti-AGEs potential that can be due to presence of flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids.