Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) Cathode Materials with Cr(3+) and F(-) Composite Doping for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

A Cr(3+) and F(-) composite-doped LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) cathode material was synthesized by the solid-state method, and the influence of the doping amount on the material's physical and electrochemical properties was investigated. The structure and morphology of the cathode material were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM, and the results revealed that the sample exhibited clear spinel features. No Cr(3+) and F(-) impurity phases were found, and the spinel structure became more stable. The results of the charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test results suggested that LiCr(0.05)Ni(0.475)Mn(1.475)O(3.95)F(0.05) in which the Cr(3+) and F(-) doping amounts were both 0.05, had the optimal electrochemical properties, with discharge rates of 0.1, 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 C and specific capacities of 134.18, 128.70, 123.62, 119.63, and 97.68 mAh g(-1) , respectively. After 50 cycles at a rate of 2 C, LiCr(0.05)Ni(0.475)Mn(1.475)O(3.95)F(0.05) showed extremely good cycling performance, with a discharge specific capacity of 121.02 mAh g(-1) and a capacity retention rate of 97.9%. EIS test revealed that the doping clearly decreased the charge-transfer resistance.