Power-law adaptation in the presynaptic vesicle cycle.

After synaptic transmission, fused synaptic vesicles are recycled, enabling the synapse to recover its capacity for renewed release. The recovery steps, which range from endocytosis to vesicle docking and priming, have been studied individually, but it is not clear what their impact on the overall dynamics of synaptic recycling is, and how they influence signal transmission. Here we model the dynamics of vesicle recycling and find that the multiple timescales of the recycling steps are reflected in synaptic recovery. This leads to multi-timescale synapse dynamics, which can be described by a simplified synaptic model with 'power-law' adaptation. Using cultured hippocampal neurons, we test this model experimentally, and show that the duration of synaptic exhaustion changes the effective synaptic recovery timescale, as predicted by the model. Finally, we show that this adaptation could implement a specific function in the hippocampus, namely enabling efficient communication between neurons through the temporal whitening of hippocampal spike trains.