Noninvasive Tracking of Alginate-Microencapsulated Cells.

This chapter presents a description of standardized techniques used routinely in our laboratory to encapsulate different cell types using the alginate-PLL-alginate immunoisolation system. Given the importance of noninvasive tracking of encapsulated cell transplants, we present a detailed guidance to achieve maximum efficiency and functionality of the capsule preparations for optimal tracking posttransplantation. The provided protocols cover tracking of encapsulated cells using magnetic resonance (MR), X-ray, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US) imaging. Practical suggestions to optimize each method with specific references to recommended suppliers are included.