Ghrelin Modulates Voltage-Gated Ca(2+) Channels through Voltage-Dependent and Voltage-Independent Pathways in Rat Gastric Vagal Afferent Neurons.

The orexigenic gut peptide ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a (GHSR1a). Systemic ghrelin administration has previously been shown to increase gastric motility and emptying. While these effects are known to be mediated by the vagus nerve, the cellular mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the signaling mechanism by which GHSR1a inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in isolated rat gastric vagal afferent neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. The ghrelin pharmacological profile indicated that Ca(2+) currents were inhibited with a log (Ic(50)) = -2.10 ± 0.44 and a maximal inhibition of 42.8 ± 5.0%. Exposure to the GHSR1a receptor antagonist (D-Lys3)-GHRP-6 reduced ghrelin-mediated Ca(2+) channel inhibition (29.4 ± 16.7% vs. 1.9 ± 2.5%, n = 6, P = 0.0064). Interestingly, we observed that activation of GHSR1a inhibited Ca(2+) currents through both voltage-dependent and voltage-independent pathways. We also treated the gastric neurons with either pertussis toxin (PTX) or YM-254890 to examine whether the Ca(2+) current inhibition was mediated by the Gα (i/o) or Gα (q/11) family of subunits. Treatment with both PTX (Ca(2+) current inhibition = 15.7 ± 10.6%, n = 8, P = 0.0327) and YM-254890 (15.2 ± 11.9%, n = 8, P = 0.0269) blocked ghrelin's effects on Ca(2+) currents, as compared with control neurons (34.3 ± 18.9%, n = 8). These results indicate GHSR1a can couple to both Gα (i/o) and Gα (q/11) in gastric vagal afferent neurons. Overall, our findings suggest GHSR1a-mediated inhibition of Ca(2+) currents occurs through two distinct pathways, offering necessary insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying ghrelin's regulation of gastric vagal afferents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrated that in gastric vagal afferent neurons, activation of GHSR1a by ghrelin inhibits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels through both voltage-dependent and voltage-independent signaling pathways. These results provide necessary insights into the cellular mechanism underlying ghrelin regulation of gastric vagal afferent activity, which may benefit future studies investigating ghrelin mimetics to treat gastric motility disorders.