Biosorption and transformation of cadmium and lead by Staphylococcus epidermidis AS-1 isolated from industrial effluent.

BACKGROUND: Rapid utilization of natural resources and other anthropogenic activities intruded heavy metals into the food chain and raised alarming concern for all life forms. The available methods proved insufficient in handling waste and pollutants due to the high cost and generation of toxic residues. Bioremediation strategies have offered sustainable solutions for toxic pollutants. In the current study, cadmium and lead (Cd and Pb respectively) tolerant strains have been isolated from industrial effluent and characterized for tolerance towards target pollutants. The strain was identified by 16s rRNA gene and further used for metal removal from the industrial effluents. RESULTS: Bacterial isolates were obtained from industrial discharge and evaluated for their tolerance towards Cd and Pb. AS-1 bacterial isolate exhibited maximum tolerance towards both the metals and hence was selected for further study. The isolate was identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. ICP-MS and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of biomass revealed that a significant proportion of cadmium (90.89%) and lead (94.87%) available in effluent were sequestered within bacterial biomass. Characteristic peaks at 2Ɵ (31.8637 and 45.6247 for cadmium) and (21.0397, 27.0127, 46.0537, 54.2707 and 75.6547 for lead) confirmed the crystalline nature of the sequestered metals. The selected strain was characterized on biochemical and molecular basis and was found to be Staphylococcus epidermidis. Based on 16 S rDNA sequence analysis, a phylogenetic dendrogram was created for the maximum likelihood of the bacterial strain. The sequence was deposited in the NCBI repository (accession number PP587422). CONCLUSION: The work has shown the possible way out of heavy metal pollution sustainably. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first report on the sequestration and reduction of cadmium and lead by a nonpathogenic strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis AS-1 that may be useful for alleviating heavy metal contamination.