Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of five extraction methods (fresh pressing, cold pressing, hot pressing, solvent extraction, and aqueous extraction) on the quality of Idesia polycarpa oil (IPO). The results revealed that the solvent-extracted oil (SEO) exhibited the highest efficiency. However, the fresh-pressed oil (FPO) exhibited outstanding quality characteristics. Specifically, the acid value and peroxide value of FPO were the lowest, and the retention rate of beneficial trace components such as α-tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and carotenoids were rather prominent. It is worth noting that the five IPOs were similar in fatty acid composition and content (all rich in unsaturated fatty acids mainly composed of linoleic acid). Through analysis of volatile components and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant, 14 key biomarkers were identified. There were significant differences in the antioxidant capacity of five IPOs, and the aqueous-extracted oil (AEO) stands out the most, indicating that AEO is more effective at resisting radicals produced during oxidation. In conclusion, this study offers valuable data references for selecting extraction processes rationally in the oil industry.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-025-01994-w.
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity; Extraction methods; Fatty acid composition; Idesia polycarpa oil; Trace components; Volatile components.