Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying uric acid (UA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis have not yet been elucidated. Herein, we investigated underlying mechanisms of UA in the development of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. We analyzed blood samples of individuals with normal UA levels and patients with hyperuricemia. Results showed that patients with hyperuricemia had significantly elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, which may indicate liver or mitochondrial damage in patients with hyperuricemia. Subsequently, lipidomic analysis of mouse liver tissue mitochondria and human liver L02 cell mitochondria was performed. Compared with control group levels, high UA increased mitochondrial phosphatidylserine (PS) and decreased mitochondrial phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) levels, whereas the expression of mitochondrial phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD) that mediates PS and PE conversion was downregulated. High UA levels also inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） phosphorylation as well as mitochondrial respiration, while inducing apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Treatment with allopurinol, overexpression of PISD, and lyso-PE (LPE) administration significantly attenuated the three above-described effects in vitro. In conclusion, UA may induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis through mitochondrial PISD downregulation. This study provides a new perspective on liver damage caused by hyperuricemia.